- Journal article
Authors : Kozome, Dan (2023) - Loops are small secondary structural elements that play a crucial role in the emergence of new 14 enzyme functions. However, our understanding of loop functions is mainly limited to the 15 catalytic loops. To understand the function of remote loops in enzymes, we studied Glycoside 16 hydrolase family 19 (GH19) chitinase - an essential enzyme family for pathogen degradation 17 in plants. By revealing the evolutionary history and loops appearance...
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- Journal Article
Authors : E Atang, Alexandra (2023) - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) are characterized by thickening, thinning, or stiffening, respectively, of the ventricular myocardium, resulting in diastolic or systolic dysfunction that can lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Recently, variants in the ACTN2 gene, encoding the protein α-actinin-2, have been reported in HCM, DCM, and RCM patients. However, functional data supporting the pathogenicit...
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- Journal Article
Authors : Senoo, Nanami (2023) - The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) promotes bioenergetics via oxidative
phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Three tightly bound CLs are evolutionarily conserved in the
ADP/ATP carrier (AAC in yeast; adenine nucleotide translocator, ANT in mammals) which
resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and exchanges ADP and ATP to enable OXPHOS.
Here, we investigated the role of these buried CLs in the carrier using yeast Aac2 as a model.
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- Ebooks (Sách điện tử)
Authors : Dikiy, Igor (2023) - Integral to the protein structure/function paradigm, oligomeric state is typically conserved
31 along with function across evolution. However, notable exceptions such as the hemoglobins
32 show how evolution can alter oligomerization to enable new regulatory mechanisms. Here we
33 examine this linkage in histidine kinases (HKs), a large class of widely distributed prokaryotic
34 environmental sensors. While the majority of HKs are transmembrane ...
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- Journal Article
Authors : Sumida, Tomomi (2023) - β-N-Acetylgalactosamine-containing glycans play essential roles in several biological
processes, including cell adhesion, signal transduction, and immune responses. β-N
Acetylgalactosaminidases hydrolyze β-N-acetylgalactosamine linkages of various
glycoconjugates. However, their biological significance remains ambiguous, primarily
because only one type of enzyme, exo-β-N-acetylgalactosaminidases that specifically act on
β-N-acetylgalactosamine residues, has been documented so far. In t...
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- Journal article
Authors : Markus, Linda M. D. (2023) - Cyanophycin is a natural polymer composed of a poly-aspartate backbone with arginine attached
to each of the aspartate sidechains. Produced by a wide range of bacteria, which mainly use it as
a store of fixed nitrogen, it has many promising industrial applications. Cyanophycin can be
synthesized from the amino acids Asp and Arg by the widespread cyanophycin synthetase 1
(CphA1), or from the dipeptide β-Asp-Arg by the cyanobacteria...
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- Journal article
Authors : Anderson, Michael J.M. (2023) - The adhesion receptor dystroglycan provides a critical mechanical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM)
and the actin cytoskeleton to help muscle cells withstand contraction and neural cells maintain the blood brain
barrier. Disrupting the link is associated cancer and muscular dystrophy. Proteolysis of dystroglycan by matrix
metalloproteinases (MMPs) provides a mechanism to break the mechanical anchor and is amplified in several
pathogenic states,&...
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- Journal Article
Authors : Ikei, Mai (2023) - From bacteria to eukaryotes, sulfur is a vital element for cellular activities. For example, sulfur34
containing biomolecules, such as L-cysteine, L-methionine, thiamine, glutathione, and biotin, play a
35 variety of essential roles in cells (1). Bacteria and plants can utilize L-cysteine as a source of sulfate,
36 but they also have sulfur assimilation pathways to synthesize L-cysteine from inorganic sulfur
37 compounds. In bacteria, L-cysteine...
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- Journal Article
Authors : Hiller, Miriam (2023) - Legionella pneumophila is ubiquitously found in aqueous habitats, multiplies within environmental amoebae, and is an important bacterial lung pathogen (1,2). From its natural habitat, L. pneumophila is transmitted via aerosols into the human lung where lung macrophages serve as the primary replication site. The infection process in mammalian cells and in amoeba shows many similarities. In both, the bacteria apply means to withstand the multifaceted host defen...
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- Ebooks (Sách điện tử)
Authors : Claridge, Jolyon K. (2023) - It is nearly two decades ago that the ‘thin aggregative fimbriae’ which had been shown to
enhance the biofilm formation of Salmonella enteriditis and Escherichia coli were identified
as amyloid fibers. The realization that natural proteins can develop amyloidogenic traits as
part of their functional repertoire instigated a search for similar proteins across all kingdoms
of life. That pursuit has since unearthed dozens of candidates which&#x...
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