- Journal article
Authors : Pelingon, Ruby; Pegg, Cassandra L; Zacchi, Lucia F (2020) - Polysialylation is the enzymatic addition of a highly negatively charged sialic acid polymer to the non-reducing termini of glycans. Polysialylation plays an important role in development, and is involved in neurological diseases, neural tissue regeneration, and cancer. Polysialic acid (PSA) is also a biodegradable and non-immunogenic conjugate to therapeutic drugs to improve their pharmacokinetics. PSA chains vary in length, composition, and linkages, while the specif...
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- Journal article
Authors : Still, Kristina B.M; Slagboom, Julien; Kidwai, Sarah (2020) - Many organisms, ranging from plants to mammals, contain phospholipase A2 enzymes (PLA2s), which catalyze the production of lysophospholipids and fatty acid proinflammatory mediators. PLA2s are also common constituents of animal venoms, including bees, scorpions and snakes, and they cause a wide variety of toxic effects including neuro-, myo-, cyto-, and cardio-toxicity, anticoagulation and edema. The aim of this study was to develop a generic method for profi...
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- Journal article
Authors : Svedružić, Željko M; Odorčić, Ivica; Chang, Christopher H (2020) - D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can form a complex that can regulate the major metabolic pathways, however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. We analyzed a possibility of NADH-channeling from GAPDH-NADH complex to LDH isozymes using enzymes from different cells
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Authors : Danylovych, Hanna V; Chunikhin, Alexander Yu; Danylovych, Yuriy V (2020) - A mathematical model is developed using Petri net methodology that is able to predict simultaneous changes in bio(physical)chemical parameters of mitochondria, namely hydrodynamic diameter, fluorescence of NADH, DCF fluorescence signal depending on the time of action and concentration of sodium azide and predict these changes for unknown NaN3 concentration. The model is created for real experimental conditions, it combines functional changes of mitochondria with a ...
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- Journal article
Authors : Drino, Aleksej; Oberbauer, Vera; Troger, Conor (2020) - During particular stress conditions, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) become substrates of stress-induced endonucleases, resulting in the production of distinct tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). These small RNAs have been implicated in a wide range of biological processes, but how isoacceptor and even isodecoder-specific tsRNAs act at the molecular level is still poorly understood. Importantly, stress-induced tRNA cleavage affects only a few tRNAs of a given isoacceptor or i...
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- Journal article
Authors : Saei, Amir Ata; Beusch, Christian M; Sabatier, Pierre; Wells, Juan Astorga (2020) - Despite the immense importance of enzyme-substrate reactions, there is a lack of generic and unbiased tools for identifying and prioritizing substrate proteins which are modulated in the structural and functional levels through modification. Here we describe a high-throughput unbiased proteomic method called System-wide Identification and prioritization of Enzyme Substrates by Thermal Analysis (SIESTA). The approach assumes that enzymatic post-translational modification of substrate&...
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- Journal article
Authors : Zhang, Bingjie; Zhao, Simeng; Yang, Dehua (2020) - Subtype selectivity and functional bias are vital in current drug discovery for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as selective and biased ligands are expected to yield drug leads with optimal on-target benefits and minimal side-effects. However, structure-based design and medicinal chemistry exploration remain challenging in part because of highly conserved binding pockets within subfamilies. Herein, we present an affinity mass spectrometry approach for screening herbal...
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- Industry article
Authors : Takada, Hiraku; Roghanian, Mohammad; Montes, Julien Caballero (2020) - In the Gram-positive Firmicute bacterium Bacillus subtilis, amino acid starvation induces synthesis of the alarmone (p)ppGpp by the multi-domain RelA/SpoT Homolog factor Rel. This bifunctional enzyme is capable of both synthesizing and hydrolysing (p)ppGpp. To detect amino acid deficiency, Rel monitors the aminoacylation status of the ribosomal A-site tRNA by directly inspecting the tRNA’s CCA end. Here we uncover the molecular mechanism of Rel-mediated stringent&...
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- Journal article
Authors : Williamson, Zachary A; Chaton, Catherine T; Ciocca, William A (2020) - Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved numerous type VII secretion (ESX) systems to secrete multiple factors important for both growth and virulence across their cell envelope. Three such systems; ESX-1, ESX-3, and ESX-5; have been shown to each secrete a unique set of substrates. A large class of these substrates secreted by these three systems are the PE and PPE families of proteins. Proper secretion of the PE-PPE proteins requires the&...
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- Journal article
Authors : Bisbach, Celia M; Hass, Daniel T; Robbings, Brian M (2020) - When O2 is plentiful, the mitochondrial electron transport chain uses it as a terminal electron acceptor. However, the mammalian retina thrives within a hypoxic niche in the eye. We find that mitochondria in retinas adapt to their hypoxic environment by relying on the “reverse” succinate dehydrogenase reaction, where fumarate accepts electrons instead of O2. Reverse succinate dehydrogenase activity produces succinate and is enhanced by down-regulation of cyto...
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