Engineered pH-Sensitive Protein G / IgG Interaction

Abstract

While natural protein-protein interactions have evolved to be induced by complex stimuli, rational design of interactions that can be switched-on-demand still remain challenging in the protein design world. Here, we demonstrate a computationally redesigned natural interface for improved binding affinity could further be mutated to adopt a pH switchable interaction. The redesigned interface of Protein G-IgG Fc domain, when incorporated with histidine and glutamic acid on Protein G (PrG-EHHE), showed a switch in binding affinity by 50-fold when pH was altered from mild acidic to mild basic. The wild type (WT) interface only showed negligible switch. The overall binding affinity at mild acidic pH for PrG-EHHE outperformed the WT PrG interaction. The new reagent PrG-EHHE will be revolutionary in IgG purification since the traditional method of using an extreme acidic pH for elution can be circumvented.